WHAT IS BLOOD GROUPING || TYPES OF BLOOD GROUPS || DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODIES || TYPES OF BLOOD GROUPING

TYPES OF BLOOD GROUPS

There are 4 main types of Blood Groups

1. A
2. B
3. AB
4. O

Each of them has a rhesus factor either RhD Positive (Rh: +ve) "OR" RhD Negative (Rh: -ve).

Rhesus Factors of Blood Group Type: A

1). A +ve.       (A Positive)

2). A -ve.        (A Negative)

Rhesus Factors of Blood Group Type: B

3). B +ve.       (B Positive)

4). B -ve.        (B Negative)

Rhesus Factors of Blood Group Type: AB

5). AB +ve.     (AB Positive)

6). AB -ve.      (AB Negative)

Rhesus Factors of Blood Group Type: O

7). O +ve         (O Positive)

8). O -ve          (O Negative)

Antigens and Antibodies:

Blood is made up of several essential cells including RBC (Red Blood Cells), WBC (White Blood cells) and Platelets in a liquid medium known as "Plasma". Each blood group is differentiated from each other with resemblance to the presence of antigen and antibodies. Antigens are only attached on Red Blood Cells Surface while Antibodies are present in plasma/serum.

Forward and Reverse Blood Grouping:

Forward Blood Grouping:

Material Required:

1. Blood Sample.

2. Microscopic Slide.

3. Artificial Anti-Sera (A, B, and D).

4. Pencil "OR" Marker (Used for Labelling Only)

Procedure:

Step#1. Take a Microscopic Slide.

Step#2. Label one side of Microscopic Slide with Patient Name and Lab ID.

Step#3. Draw three circle with some space between each circle and label them as A, B, and D outside the circle on the leftover portion of Microscopic Slide.

Step#4.  Put one drop of Patient Blood in center of each circle

Step#5.  Put one to two drop of anti-sera above Blood, Make sure to put A anti-sera inside A Circle, B anti-sera inside B circle, D anti-sera inside D circle

Step#6. Gently Mix the anti-sera in each circle with the help of tooth pick or syringe needle, make sure it doesn't mix with another circle after spreading it inside the circle, Rotate Microscopic Slide 3-5 times Clock-wise Again Rotate 3-5 times Anti Clock-wise.

Step#7.  Wait for few seconds to 1 minute for agglutination to be appear, Check for Agglutination in each circle and result your findings after matching with the chart given below.

Blood Group         :       Agglutination in Circles A,B  :  Rh +Ve : Rh -Ve                        

         A                    :                            A                          :       D     :  No Agglutination in D                B                       :                                B                              :        D      :  No Agglutination in D

         AB                      :                               AB                            :        D      :  No Agglutination in D

          O                       :     No Agglutination in A, B Circles     :        D      :  No Agglutination in D